The multidisciplinary field of MICROWAVE-Photonics is at the convergence of photonic and MICROWAVE or even wireless technologies. In this context, the processing, conversion and transmission of MICROWAVEs, as well as high data rate digital and wireless signals, today use broadband optical techniques with many applications. However, the frequency band available is frequently changing with up-to-date commercial standards, and it is necessary to up- or down- convert the frequency of the electrical signals using a suitable optical approach for mixing. This paper intends to give an overview on the optical techniques used for frequency conversion, i.e. mixing, and gives the advantages and drawbacks of all techniques presented.

Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (Pol.-SAR) allows us to implement the recogmtton and classification of radar targets. This article investigates the arrangement of scatterers by SAR data and proposes a new Look-up Table of Region (LTR). This look-up table is based on the combination of (entropy HIAnisotropy A) and (Anisotropy A/scattering mechanism a), which has not been reported up now. First of all, the color coded images of each of the quantities of H, A and are extracted and then having the matrix associated with each image and evaluating its histogram, we could obtain the image parameter values corresponding to each interval related to each color code. Then in the output the combination of parameters and the sharing of their images of each frame are extracted and compared with optical images and the extracted satellite map of scattered fields. Results for unconventional targets such as random rough surfaces has indicated that mechanism of scattering irregularities and improper alignment can be used for different purposes in different parts of the frame with fixed values that can be a new method for identifying targets. To make a look up table it is essentially required to evaluate the target parameters and classification of radar images. The method of the extraction of these parameters and applying them on imaging radar systems is exclusive. To validate our work, Pol. SAR data sets are used.

In this research the effect of several parameters such as weight percent, length, ‎distance and orientation of carbon fibres on MICROWAVE attenuating of polymeric ‎coatings have been investigated and MICROWAVE attenuating behavior of these ‎composite coatings were evaluated in frequency range of 8-12 GHz (X-bond). The ‎optimum length of carbon fibres was found to be about one-half of the wavelength of ‎incident radiation. The results show that attenuation is increased by increasing the ‎weight percent of carbon fibres up to the area limitation effect. The best orientation of ‎the carbon fibres is multidi-rectional orientation‏.‏